Notice on usage

Tire is the important part of a car and correct use of the tire will affect the car performance and the tire life directly, therefore the transportation cost, original material consumption and personal safety and finance safety. So the tire must be used correctly and the problems must be solved properly to keep the original performance and reduce the tire wearing. We will introduce the correct usage of the tire in the following section:

Assemble the tire according to car performance and tire performance

The safety, economic property, and comfortable property are all related to the tire reliability, rolling resistance, and adhesion property and cushion performance, so different tire specs have strict restriction. When changing the tire, you should not pay attention to the specs, but also the structure, layer or the load number, the speed grade, and the veins. If the tires of the whole car are changed, it is convenient but needs more cost. Most of the enterprises and the personnel change the tire one by one. Therefore, one car has both old and new tires and the matching problem needs more attention: the same diameter, layer and vein.
For the parts, the left and right wheel performance of the front axis is different, it will cause direction and braking pulling to one side; the out diameter of the inside and outside wheel of the back axis is different, it will cause overload in the single tire. In today’s transportation, the cars are of various models and types and the tires are of different specs and the oblique and radial tires are used at the same time. Some of the enterprises know a little about the tire, even little about the maintenance (especially the individual taxi drivers), and the mixed assembly of the tire problem is severe. Some drivers even use both oblique and radial tire on the same axis, this is a great danger for driving.

So, we have to ensure the eight integrations on the same axis:
Same specification, same structure, same material, same layer, same vein, same brand, same pressure, same load
Why should we obey the eight integrations? Because of the tire property and usage relation. Different property, different performance, so is the usage. The following is the instruction:

The same specification: tires of different specifications have different charging out diameter and section and the load distribution on the same axis is different, so the axis must have same specifications. Besides, the cars with no special requirements on the front and back axis should have same specifications on tire.

The same structure: the radial body cord yarn is normal to the wheel rim, the radial distorts greatly, the cushion has good performance, the strap layer is hard as the tank track, so the direction changes little and the rolling of one cycle is nearly to the length of the out tire perimeter. But the oblique tire is different, the radial distorts little, the cushion has bad performance, the part contacting with the floor is pressed when driving, so the direction changes greatly and the rolling of one cycle is less than the length of the out tire perimeter. Two types of tire on the same axis bear different loads and the wear is also different. So the same structure tires must be installed on the same axis.

The same material: it means mainly the cord yarn material. Such as: steel radial tire and fiber radial tire; the thickness of the tire body, the strength of the cord yarn and the body heat loss all have huge difference and the mixing installation will affect the result. Therefore, the cord yarn on the same axis must be the same.

Layer difference: it is the load grade and the consequent pressure standard. The tire with different load mixed together will lead to different pressure and distortion. So, same axis should have same layer to ensure the same load.

The same vein: different vein will lead to different wear and attaching power to the floor. If the left and right veins of the tire are different (such as vertical and horizontal vein on the same axis), it will affect the smooth performance and the single side and trail problem may happen when braking suddenly.
The same brand: different manufacturer will have different size, breadth, veins and cord yarn material. If different brands are mixed, it will also affect the performance. So, same brands must be on the same axis. Only in this way, the performance can be brought into play fully

The same pressure: the pressure is decided by the layer. The same layer can keep the same pressure. So, same pressure must be on the same axis.

The same load: the load is decided by the layer and pressure. The same load tire must be installed on the same axis to lengthen the service life. So, same load must be on the same axis. Such as the 10．00R20 16PR steel radial tire, according to the national standard, when the pressure is 850kpa, the load is 3150kx. But when the pressure is 770kPa, the load capacity is 2800kg, the above rules show the relation of the layer and the pressure clearly.
The special driving needs special tire. After the usage, modification, repairing and renewing, the performance of the tire reduces and can be used for certain condition. the better tire should be installed on the front axis and the long transporting cars for higher safety; and the used tire should be installed on the back axis; the repaired and the renewed tire should be installed on the back axis of the short transporting and light load car; the tire with deep vein should be installed for the driving on the muddy road with stones; the repaired and the renewed tire should be installed on the back axis for driving on the road with lots of stones and hard things to reduce the damage; in summer, the better tire should be installed on both the front and back tire for fear of breaking and vice versa in winter. Through proper installation, the problem between driving and tire can be solved easily.
Master the technique of vehicle chassis

The technique of the vehicle chassis is closely related to the tire wearing. If the front wheel has wrong position, especially the toein has wrong adjustments, the vein on the front wheels will wear smooth and even wear through; if the wheel drum bearing loose, the
Keep enough pressure for the tire

The tire load capacity is related with the inflating pressure. The attaching, the cushion and the anti-wearing performance can be showed when the load quantity is fit for the load capacity. So, it is not scientific to inflate on the tire standard pressure instead of the real load quantity. Out state has proposed various inflating standard for different tires.

When we carry out the standard, we have to know the load quantity of the front and back axis, the tire specs and inflate according to the tire load and pressure standard. Each factory has specific standard on the tire pressure and the inflating can be done according to the original standard if the car structure and the load quantity are not changed. But if they are changed, you have to know the real load of the front and back axis to ensure the related pressure standard. As the experiment proved, the higher or the lower pressure will reduce the service life of the tire. The different shapes caused by different pressure are shoed in the table.
Besides the management measures, you have to check the car before, in and after the driving. The easiest way is to observe the sinking weight and use the small hammer to knock and listen. Use the pressure meter to measure. If the pressure is low, please check the air leaking to solve the problem.

Control the proper speed under road condition

The high speed driving will make the load increase, the flexural properties distort and increase, and the tire temperature rise and the strength reduce. So, even on the good road condition, you have to control the speed and on the bad condition, you have to drive slowly to reduce the damage. Besides, you have to abide by the driving rules, such as avoiding sudden start, turning and braking and the barriers on the road. If you feel the car heel over and hard to operate, you must stop to check. You have to stop for more times in the flat and cleaning park in summer in the long driving. When you are on the highway, you have to drive on the running path and hold the steering wheel with two hands, especially in summer for fear of sudden out of control; once the tire breaks; you must keep calm and gold tightly instead of braking suddenly for fear of sideslip.
Avoid overloading
The total load quantity is transferred to the road through tire and the load is classified: dead load and live load. The dead load is the load given to the tire by the deadweight and the loading capacity; the live load is the load given to tire by the total of the dash power and the inertia force in driving. The load capacity is related with the tire category, structure, section, cord yarn material, layer, pressure, wheel rim diameter, and condition. And the tire is designed on these factors and has certain maxim load capacity and related pressure which can not be changed since the load is decided by the compressed air in the tire lumen. The compressed air acts on the whole lumen and makes every unit area have the same out tension with the inflating pressure. When the load increases, the back pressure from the ground will act on the tire, and the touching area will increase accordingly.

If the tire is overloaded, the cord yarn will bear more strength, and tire spring reduces, the live load increases, the tire distorts and the flexural property pricks up which can lead to more heat and accelerate the aging of the rubber, and the cord yarn will wear out, the hanging layer will fall off even crack and tear. The ground touching area will also increase and make the shoulder part wear severely which can cause early damage. And the distortion part will enlarge and the friction between the material molecule and the shear stress of every part increase notably and will transfer to heat which can lead to high tire temperature and reduce the service life of the tire. Therefore, the overloading should be avoided in the real life.

The daily used tires roll millions of times every day and have constant distortion and shock, and even the accident stabbing, shaving, pressing and dragging. The damage can happen all the time, the checking must be strengthened.
The checking include: the pressure, the wheel rim screw, the leaf spring, the fender, the fixed screw, spare wheel, the spare wheel jig, and the tools for installation. When loading, you should check the weight, location, the packing, the air leaking, the wheel rim screw, the shaving and stabbing on the tire body, the distortion on the absciss layer, the wear on the tire vein and all these problems must be solved timely. Clean the stone between the tire, the stone in the vein, the iron nail and check if the tire leaks on the spot. Through the checking, the problems can be solved timely without causing further damage.

Notice on running

　

Good driving habit will do good for the performance, some tips for extending the life are:

Do not exceed. The high speed will increase the flexural property and overheat, increase the wear and shorten the life

During the driving, the sudden accelerating, braking, and turning should be avoided. It is bad for both the mechanical performance and the service life and the repeat of the actions will distort the tire greatly, cause uneven wear, tear the vertical channel, rise the inner temperature and break the tire.

Abide by the maximum load weight, do not overload. The service life is decided by the load mainly. The habitual overload of 20% will reduce the service life to 50% of the normal life. The overloading can cause the temperature rising, pressure increasing and increasing the rubber and hangings fag and make delamination easily.

Avoid the hole and barrier on the road

Avoid knocking on the rock and do not stop on the rock

How to pump for the tire correctly

Pressure is the life of the tire and can affect the service life directly. In order to reduce the cost and let the tire run well, the following should be remembered:
Pump after the tire removes all the heat when stops, for the temperature will rise when driving and will affect the pressure
Check the inflating valve, if the inflating valve does not fit for the inflating core, and has projecting problem, the pump and the pressure measurement are not suitable

　
Pay attention to the cleaning. The air should not contain water and oil for fear of damaging the rubber

The inflating should not exceed the standard too much and the over inflation is not permitted for long term evection. The over inflation will strengthen the cord yarn and reduce the strength and affect the service life.
Be careful. Clean the inflating valve and do not loose the inflating core. After the inflation, mop some soap foam on the valve to test if the air leaks. If small bubbles appear, screw down the valve to prevent the sand in.
Use the standard pressure meter to test the pressure only.

The pressure showed on the pressure meter on the compressor is not the same with the real pressure.
Even in the overloading condition, the inner pressure can not be increased limitlessly. According to the data contrast and real result, such as the 12.00R20-18, 12 pressure is enough in the severe overloading condition. If more are added, the tire will break